知识场活性、资源拼凑与新创企业创新绩效

基于对小微企业双创基地入驻企业的调查数据，构建出以知识场活性为自变量、新创企业创新绩效为因变量的概念模型，并将资源拼凑作为中介变量来分析。结果表明：知识场活跃度和知识场开放度均对新创企业创新绩效具有正向影响，资源拼凑具有中介作用；定制化服务对资源拼凑与新创企业创新绩效具有正向调节作用。研究结论丰富了“知识场活性→资源拼凑→新创企业创新绩效”这一逻辑主线的研究，对如何提升新创企业创新绩效具有一定的指导意义。     

Do Jobseekers Value Diversity Information? Evidence from a Field Experiment and Human Capital Disclosures

We examine how information about the diversity of a potential employer's workforce affects individuals’ job-seeking behavior. We embed a field experiment in job recommendation emails from a leading career advice agency in the United States. The experimental treatment involves highlighting a diversity metric to jobseekers. Our results indicate that disclosing diversity scores in job postings leads jobseekers to click on firms with higher diversity scores, with such effects varying across jobseeker demographics. A follow-up survey provides evidence on potential explanations for why jobseekers value diversity information. We then examine how jobseekers’ preferences for diversity relate to disclosure choices under the U.S. SEC Human Capital Disclosure requirement. We find that firms in industries characterized by higher jobseeker responsiveness to diversity information tend to voluntarily disclose diversity metrics in their 10-Ks under these new disclosure requirements.     

Building smallholder farmers' capacity to adopt climate-smart agricultural practices in flood prone areas: Lessons from Bangladesh

Currently, there is an increased interest in promoting climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs) around the globe, however, application of these practices may vary for different climate risk hotspots. Although, climate field schools (CFS) are conducted with the aim of empowering farmers with knowledge on the various agricultural practices, little attention has been devoted to building the capacity of smallholder farmers to facilitate adoption of appropriate CSAPs. Given the effects of climate change on agriculture, it is fundamental for agricultural sustainability to answer the question that has hardly benefited from empirical analysis in previous land use studies, which is: Do CFS build farmers' capacity to adopt CSA in flood prone areas? Cross-sectional data from 600 rural farm households in south Bangladesh is used and the recursive bivariate probit (RBP) is applied to address this knowledge gap. The results reveal that participation in CFS increases the probability of a farmer's soil salinity consciousness by 25% and eventually improves the probability to adopt climate-smart agricultural practices by 20%. We also analyzed the spillover effects of CFS participation on CSA adoption and found that there is a strong spillover effect which has important implications on the cost effectiveness and sustainability of the program. Overall, the study provides empirical evidence demonstrating that participatory approaches stimulate adoption of appropriate CSAPs by building farmers' capacity in recognizing the existing climate risk hotspots.     

纵流式换热器流动与传热特性的数值研究

在分析纵流式换热器结构特点的基础上,对纵流式换热器进行了数值模拟,采用网格连接方法将纵流式换热器管程、壳程中的对流换热与导热2种传热方式进行了耦合。根据计算结果,分析了纵流式换热器的管程、壳程的传热与流动特性。     

稻田甲烷减排：技术、挑战与策略

目的 甲烷（CH₄）是强效温室气体，减少CH₄排放能有效在近期内减缓全球变暖趋势。稻田是作物系统CH₄主要排放源，中国作为全球最大水稻生产国和消费国，在稻米充分供给和粮食安全下如何有效控制稻田CH₄排放存在挑战。方法 文章系统阐述了国内外稻田CH₄排放现状和估算结果，从灌溉、施肥、品种、耕作、栽培等方面综述主要CH₄减排技术及效果，梳理相关减排政策，分析我国稻田CH₄减排面临的挑战并提出对策建议。结果 （1）中期晒田、节水灌溉是稻田CH₄减排的关键手段，优化施肥管理、改进秸秆/有机物料还田方式、生物炭、低排放品种、水稻直播和种养结合等有助于控制CH₄排放。（2）在保障水稻增产和农民增收前提下，应当创新集成现有稻田CH₄减排技术，加大轻简化减排技术研发推广，构建稻田CH₄排放监测、报告、核查体系和低碳激励机制，加强农业绿色低碳政策引导，并明确CH₄减排路径。结论 通过技术优化、研发创新、宣传引导、监测报告、激励机制有助于实现我国稻田CH₄排放的有效控制，研究结果可为稻田CH₄减排政策制定和水稻绿色低碳生产提供参考。